Present Continuous Tense
It is used to express a continued or ongoing
action at present time. It expresses an action which is in progress at the time
of speaking. For example, a person says, “I am writing a letter”. It means that
he is in the process of writing a letter right now. Such actions which are
happening at time of speaking are expressed by present continuous tense.
Present Continuous tense is also called Present progressive tense.
Rules. Auxiliary verb “am or is or are” is used in sentence. 1st form of verb or base verb + ing (present participle) is used as main verb in sentence.
Structure of sentence
Positive Sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
• Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object
• Subject + auxiliary verb + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
• Subject + am/is/are + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object
Examples
I am playing cricket.
He is driving a car
They are reading their lessons.
Negative
Sentence
• Subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
• Subject + am/is/are + not + (1st form of verb + ing) + object
• Subject + auxiliary verb + not + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
• Subject + am/is/are + not + (1st form of verb + ing) + object
Rules for using auxiliary verbs (am or is or are)
after subject in negative sentences are same as mentioned above.
Examples.
I am not playing cricket.
He is not driving a car
They are not reading their lessons.
Examples.
I am not playing cricket.
He is not driving a car
They are not reading their lessons.
Interrogative
Sentences
• Auxiliary verb + Subject + main verb-ing (Present participle) + object
• Am/is/are + Subject + (1st form of verb or base verb + ing) + object
For making interrogative sentences, the sentence is started
with auxiliary verb rather than putting auxiliary verb inside the sentence. If
the subject is “I” the sentence starts with auxiliary verb “am”. If the subject
is “He, She, It, singular or proper name” the sentence starts with auxiliary
verb “is”. If subject is “You, They or plural” the sentence starts with
auxiliary verb “are”.
Examples.
Am I playing cricket?
Is he driving a car?
Are they reading their lessons?
Am I playing cricket?
Is he driving a car?
Are they reading their lessons?
Compound
Sentence
Sentence compound consisting
of two or more subject and predicate are combined / connected using
conjunctions and, or, but. Indonesian in the same structure with equivalent compound
sentences.
Examples:
1. You clean this mess or I will tell mom.
2. We open and lock the door.
3. Risman and Husni always work hard.
4. You can go by taxi or bus.
1. You clean this mess or I will tell mom.
2. We open and lock the door.
3. Risman and Husni always work hard.
4. You can go by taxi or bus.
Explanation:
1. For
example the first sentence may not be too problematic, there is clearly visible
where the subject 1 (you) and 2 (i) and predicate 1 (clean this mess) and 2
(will tell mom), conjunctive uses is or.
2. For an example look like the second sentence only consist
of one subject alone that we. Whereas if further consideration is the actual
wording We (S1) open the door (P1) and we (S2) lock the door (P2). Because
there are the same words and repeated the abbreviated course be We open and
lock the door so that the sentence is more effective and efficient.
3. For
example look like the third sentence only consist of one predicate that is
always just work hard. Whereas if further note that the actual wording is
Risman (S1) always work hard (P1) and Husni (S2) always work hard (P2). Because
there are the same words and repeated then the abbreviated course be Risman and
Husni always work hard so that the sentence is more effective and efficient.
4. For
an example look like the fourth sentence only consist of one verb and one
subject only ie You can go by. Whereas if further note that the actual wording
is You (S1) can (V1) go by bus or you (S2) can (V2) go by taxi. Because there
are the same words and repeated the abbreviated course be Risman and Husni
always work hard so that the sentence is more effective and efficient.
COMPLEX SENTENCE
A.
Understanding Complex Sentence
Complex sentence is a sentence with an independent clause and at least one
dependent clause (subordinating clause). Subordinator such as Because, since,
after, Although, who, when, etc.
For example :
- Nicky and Fitri went to the movies after they finished studying.
Nicky and Fitri went to the movies: Independent clause
after they finished studying: Dependent clause
B. Creating Complex Sentence
For example :
- Nicky and Fitri went to the movies after they finished studying.
Nicky and Fitri went to the movies: Independent clause
after they finished studying: Dependent clause
B. Creating Complex Sentence
There are 3 kinds of sentences in
making complex sentences, namely:
1. Complex Sentences with adverb clauses
Adverb clauses here is to provide information about the time, reason, manner, and so on.
Examples:
a. Time: the telephone rang when we sat down to eat dinner.
b. Reason: my boyfriend and I went to disco Because he wanted to dance.
c. Manner: I Followed the instructions exactly as they were written.
Use of Punctuation in complex sentence depends on clauses. When placed at the beginning of a sentence adverb clauses, the clauses are separated by the mark Komma. However, if placed at the end of a sentence adverb clauses then separated (not require punctuation).
Examples:
- Because jill was studying for final exams, she did not answer her telephone all day.
- Jill did not answer her telephone all day Because she was studying for final exams.
Exception: for a while or should meenggunakan punctuation whereas Komma.
Examples:
- One of my roommates studies day and night, whereas the other two like to party.
- My sister is an excellent cook, while I can not even fry an egg.
1. Complex Sentences with adverb clauses
Adverb clauses here is to provide information about the time, reason, manner, and so on.
Examples:
a. Time: the telephone rang when we sat down to eat dinner.
b. Reason: my boyfriend and I went to disco Because he wanted to dance.
c. Manner: I Followed the instructions exactly as they were written.
Use of Punctuation in complex sentence depends on clauses. When placed at the beginning of a sentence adverb clauses, the clauses are separated by the mark Komma. However, if placed at the end of a sentence adverb clauses then separated (not require punctuation).
Examples:
- Because jill was studying for final exams, she did not answer her telephone all day.
- Jill did not answer her telephone all day Because she was studying for final exams.
Exception: for a while or should meenggunakan punctuation whereas Komma.
Examples:
- One of my roommates studies day and night, whereas the other two like to party.
- My sister is an excellent cook, while I can not even fry an egg.
2. Complex sentence with Adjective clauses
Adjective clauses: describe information about the noun or pronoun.
Examples:
- Students who have an average do not have to take the final exam.
- July 4 is the day when American celebrate Reviews their independence from Great Britain.
Do not put commas around an adjective clause needed to identify its antecedents.
Examples:
Students who work more than twelve hours a week should not take more than three classes.
Post a coma before and after the adjective clause that it is not necessary to identify the introduction, however, only provide additional information about it.
Examples:
Michael, who works twenty hours a week, should not take more than three classes.
3. Complex sentences with Noun clauses
Noun clauses: describes an information such as what a person thinks or says.
Noun clauses begin with one of these subordinating words: that from, whether, if (informal), and question words such as who, which, what, where, when, why, how, how much, how Often, how soon, and so on ,
Examples:
- Everyone knows that global warming is a serious problem
- World leaders have been meeting to discuss what action Governments should take.
For more information click this: MF | MF | MF | MF | MF |
Adjective clauses: describe information about the noun or pronoun.
Examples:
- Students who have an average do not have to take the final exam.
- July 4 is the day when American celebrate Reviews their independence from Great Britain.
Do not put commas around an adjective clause needed to identify its antecedents.
Examples:
Students who work more than twelve hours a week should not take more than three classes.
Post a coma before and after the adjective clause that it is not necessary to identify the introduction, however, only provide additional information about it.
Examples:
Michael, who works twenty hours a week, should not take more than three classes.
3. Complex sentences with Noun clauses
Noun clauses: describes an information such as what a person thinks or says.
Noun clauses begin with one of these subordinating words: that from, whether, if (informal), and question words such as who, which, what, where, when, why, how, how much, how Often, how soon, and so on ,
Examples:
- Everyone knows that global warming is a serious problem
- World leaders have been meeting to discuss what action Governments should take.
For more information click this: MF | MF | MF | MF | MF |
